Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a neurological condition of the spinal cord. Hereditary in some dog species, this disease worsens as it progresses, halting your dog’s movement and comfort. If not addressed timely, it can lead to neurological issues and paralysis. Therefore, understanding IVDD can make a world of difference in how you respond and care for your furry companion.
In this blog, we’ll walk you through what IVDD is, its types, how to spot its symptoms, and which dogs are most at risk. We’ll also shine light on the various treatment options available and discuss what the recovery phase entails. Having this information will help you feel more confident and prepared to support your dog through this journey.
Let’s dive right in!
What is IVDD is Dogs?
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a degenerative condition related to the spinal cord and the vertebra that protects the spinal cord and nerves. The intervertebral disc is essentially the cushion disc between each vertebra.
This disc-shaped material features a jelly-like substance on the inside and has a firm, fibrous covering on the outside to help protect the bones of the spine. The disease occurs when this soft cushioning degenerates, bulges, or ruptures, pressing on the spinal cord, leading to pain, nerve damage, and potential paralysis.
Types of Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs
There are mainly two types of Intervertebral Disease in dogs. There are:
Type I: Type I occurs when the soft Intervertebral disc material hardens and suddenly protrudes from within the spine. Also known as a “slipped” disc or herniated disc, with one wrong jump or sudden impact, this calcified disc can protrude.
This movement of the disc can cause bruising and compression of the spine, along with sharp pain and a reduction in nerve function. Type I of IVDD is most commonly observed in small-breed dogs such as Dachshunds.
Type II: This type is a slower process of disc material degeneration and protrusion. In this form, the soft fiber around the disc slowly collapses and over time pushes forward, causing long-term pain and spinal cord compression.
What are the Common Symptoms of IVDD?
Your dog can show the pain in multiple ways. Pay attention to the following signs:
- Pain
- Weakness
- Limping or lameness, unsteady walking
- Dragging back legs
- Stumbling over the hind legs
- Hunched back or neck
- Unwillingness to jump
- Shivering or trembling
- Decreased activity level
- Decreased appetite
- Discomfort when turning their head/neck
- Loss of bladder and/or bowel control
- Difficulty posturing to urinate/defecate
- Paralysis
What are the Causes of IVDD in Dogs?
IVDD is a result of a calcified or herniated disc getting displaced or protruding, which leads to nerve pain and compression. The common causes are:
- Hereditary
- Sudden Impact
Which Dogs are at Most Risk?
Typically, small breed dogs and Chondrodystrophic breed (disproportionate dwarfism) dogs, which are characterized by their long bodies and short legs, are affected by IVDD. In certain Chondrodystrophic breed dogs, IVDD can be hereditary. On the other hand, in large breed dogs, such as German shepherds, Labradors, Dobermans, etc., this condition can develop over time.
How IVDD is Diagnosed?
To find out if your dog has IVDD (Intervertebral Disc Disease), your vet will use several different methods.
- Physical & Neurological Exam: The vet checks your dog’s reflexes and how well they sense movement and position.
- X-rays (Radiographs): These help spot problems like fractures or hardened discs in the spine. Sometimes, your dog might need sedation to stay still for clear images.
- Advanced Imaging: In certain circumstances, if more detail is needed, your vet might suggest an MRI, CT scan, or Myelography.
- Blood Tests: Before starting treatments like anti-inflammatories, they will recommend running bloodwork such as complete blood count and blood chemistry. This is done to see if your dog’s organs (especially the liver) can handle the treatment safely.
- Ongoing Monitoring: If your dog is on a long-term treatment, regular blood tests help make sure the treatment isn’t harming their organs.
Treatment for Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs
Depending on the condition of your dog’s spinal cord, the vet will recommend a treatment plan that may range from conservative management to surgery.
In mild cases, the treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and reducing pain, inflammation, and swelling. The vet will recommend a suitable combination of:
- Steroids
- Anti-inflammatories
- Pain relievers
- Muscle relaxants
Physical therapy options such as massage, traction, exercises, underwater treadmill, chiropractic treatments, acupuncture, etc., can also help your dog regain mobility and functionality. However, if the condition is severe, the vet will recommend surgery.
IVDD Surgery Options for Dogs
The goal of the surgery is to decompress the spinal cord by correcting the herniation or moving the hardened disc material that may be pressing on the nerves. There are several types of surgery to address IVDD in dogs. These are:
Hemilaminectomy: This is the most commonly performed surgery for disc herniations in the thoracolumbar (mid- to lower-back) region. The procedure involves removing the articular facets and adjacent vertebral bone to access and decompress the spinal cord. It can be safely performed over up to five adjacent disc spaces.
Ventral slot: Used specifically for cervical (neck-related) IVDD cases. This surgery technique involves drilling a slot into the vertebral bodies to create a small window over the affected disc.
Fenestration: This is a preventive procedure where a slit over the fibrous area is made to remove any calcified material that can potentially herniate.
Dorsal laminectomy: This is one of the most invasive IVDD surgeries and involves decompressing the spinal cord from the top. The procedure can be done over one disc space, where the surgeon removes some of the dorsal spinous process and lamina.
Pediculectomy: Similar to hemilaminectomy but less invasive, pediculectomy preserves the articular facets and is used when the herniated disc is protruding to the side rather than upward.
Post IVDD Surgery Recovery
After the surgery, you will need to provide extensive care to your dog for them to recover properly. The following measures will help you make their recovery comfortable:
- Keep your dog on strict crate rest for at least 4–6 weeks to prevent any sudden movements. The vet will provide the suitable period for your pet.
- Take your dog out only for short, controlled potty breaks using a harness and leash for support.
- Visit your vet regularly and keep them in the loop about the recovery progress.
- Add joint support supplements such as Mobiflix, Seraquin, and Glucon-M into your dog’s diet, but only after consulting your vet.
- Watch for any signs of discomfort, dragging legs, or loss of bladder control and inform your vet about it.
- Consider installing ramps or using orthopedic bedding to keep your dog comfortable and reduce pressure on the spine.
- Provide a balanced diet to help your dog maintain a healthy weight.
Parting Words
There you have it. This blog covers everything there is to know about Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Caring for a dog with IVDD can feel overwhelming at first, but with the right knowledge, veterinary guidance, and a little extra care, you can help your pet regain their movement. Follow your vet’s advice and be there for your pet’s recovery. Good luck!